Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy can be defined as a method that allows a more detailed examination of the cervical region and the inside of the uterus. It is an extremely useful technique for the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. The procedure is performed with the help of a thin device called a hysteroscope, which is equipped with a camera system. Thanks to this camera, it becomes possible to examine the intrauterine structures much more clearly and in detail.

This procedure can also be performed to determine the causes of intrauterine bleeding and to detect anomalies. It should be noted that this is not a surgical intervention and is performed without making any incisions on the body. It is an extremely important and beneficial procedure in terms of female reproductive health. Below, we will explain which diseases it is used to diagnose, how long it takes, and what can be expected afterward. First, let us explain step by step how it is performed.

How Is Hysteroscopy Performed?

In general, the stages of hysteroscopy are as follows:

Preparation

At this stage, some preliminary tests may be required. The type of anesthesia to be used is decided based on the patient’s medical history.

Anesthesia

This procedure is mostly performed under local anesthesia; however, in rare cases, general anesthesia may be required.

Insertion of the Hysteroscope

The vagina and cervix are cleaned with a special solution, after which the thin hysteroscope is inserted through the cervix into the vagina and uterus.

Observation / Intervention

With the help of the camera located at the tip of the device, the inside of the uterus is observed. Existing problems are identified, and if necessary, an intervention can be performed. When intervention is required, small surgical instruments are used. During this stage, it is also possible to take a biopsy sample. After these steps, the procedure is completed and the hysteroscope is carefully removed.

How Long Does Hysteroscopy Take?

Hysteroscopy generally takes 30–40 minutes, but the duration may vary depending on the purpose of the procedure. If it is performed solely for observation, it can be completed in a shorter time. However, if a biopsy is taken or simple interventions are required, the procedure may take slightly longer. Therefore, it is not possible to give a definitive duration for hysteroscopy.

Which Diseases Is Hysteroscopy Used to Diagnose?

Hysteroscopy can be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the following conditions:

Abnormal Bleeding

Formations such as polyps or fibroids may cause bleeding. This abnormal bleeding may also present as spotting. This method can be used to identify the factors causing the bleeding.

Uterine Anomalies

This method is frequently used to detect conditions such as a uterine septum or other uterine anomalies.

Infertility

It is used to investigate conditions that may cause infertility. Factors such as scar tissue or adhesions in the uterus that can prevent pregnancy can be detected with this method.

Uterine Cancer

Hysteroscopy can be performed for purposes such as diagnosing uterine cancer and monitoring treatment success. It is also used to obtain biopsy samples.

What Are the Advantages of Hysteroscopy?

One of the main advantages of hysteroscopy is that it enables an accurate diagnosis. Thanks to detailed imaging of the uterine cavity with a micro camera, making a diagnosis becomes much easier. This also allows treatment options to be evaluated more effectively. For example, uterine polyps can be detected more clearly, and information such as their location and size can be obtained. As a result, the most appropriate treatment for the patient can be determined.

Points to Consider After Hysteroscopy

After hysteroscopy, patients should pay attention to the following:

• Do not miss the follow-up appointments specified by the doctor.

• Rest is recommended after the procedure, and strenuous activities should be avoided during this period.

• If pain occurs, only use the painkillers recommended by your doctor. If necessary, warm compresses may also be applied.

• Mild bleeding and vaginal discharge are normal; however, if they are excessive, you should inform your doctor.

• Sexual abstinence for a certain period is important and should be followed to prevent the risk of infection.

• If signs of infection such as high fever or foul-smelling vaginal discharge occur, you should inform your doctor.

• For a few days after the procedure, avoid saunas, Turkish baths, and bathing with very hot water.

• If your doctor prescribes medication, be sure to use it as directed.

Is Hysteroscopy Painful?

Patients often worry about feeling pain during hysteroscopy. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia, so observation or intervention is carried out without pain or discomfort. There is no need to worry about experiencing pain. Your doctor will inform you about this before the procedure.

When Is Hysteroscopy Performed?

The timing of hysteroscopy depends on factors such as the patient’s condition, the nature of the disease, and existing complaints. If there are situations such as bleeding, suspicion of uterine cancer, or the presence of uterine polyps or fibroids, your doctor may request that the procedure be performed urgently.

Who Is Hysteroscopy Suitable For?

Hysteroscopy can be performed for individuals who have certain complaints or disorders related to the uterus. It can be used in cases of abnormal bleeding, the presence of polyps or fibroids, or inability to conceive due to intrauterine adhesions. However, it cannot be performed during pregnancy.

Is Anesthesia Used During Hysteroscopy?

Yes, anesthesia is applied before hysteroscopy. This ensures that the procedure is completed much more comfortably for the patient. Local anesthesia is usually preferred, but in some specific cases, general anesthesia may also be required. Performing the procedure under anesthesia allows it to be completed painlessly.

Can Sexual Intercourse Be Resumed After Hysteroscopy?

It is recommended that patients avoid sexual intercourse for a period after hysteroscopy. This is because there may be potential irritation during the procedure, which slightly increases the risk of infection. Therefore, it is important to refrain from sexual intercourse for the period specified by your doctor. During this time, attention to genital hygiene is also extremely important.

What Are the Possible Complications After Hysteroscopy?

If the patient follows the recommendations and an experienced physician performs the procedure, the risk of complications after hysteroscopy is low. Infection and bleeding are among the risks. Other possible complications include:

Perforation

A hole forming in the uterine wall during the procedure.

Allergic Reaction

An allergic reaction of the body to the medications used. If you have any known allergies, you should inform your doctor beforehand.

Delayed Healing

Healing may take longer than expected. In such cases, it is important to inform your doctor.

Reproductive Problems

In very rare cases, some reproductive issues may occur.

Hormonal Effects

This procedure may affect the body’s hormonal balance. However, this complication is also very rare, and although hormonal irregularities may occur, they can usually be resolved with appropriate treatment.

Is Bleeding Seen After Hysteroscopy?

Mild bleeding in the form of spotting may occur after hysteroscopy and is considered normal. However, if the bleeding is excessive, it is essential to apply to a healthcare facility, as heavy bleeding after the procedure is not considered normal.